Episode 8: Defining Dyslexia with Drs Bennett and Sally Shaywitz

In the latest episode of Voices of Dyslexia, our host Dr. Laura Cassidy delves into the often misunderstood world of dyslexia with renowned experts Dr. Sally Shaywitz and Dr. Bennett Shaywitz. The episode sheds light on what dyslexia truly is, how it affects individuals, and the significant impact of proper identification and understanding.

Breaking Down Dyslexia Myths

One of the major points discussed in the episode is the common misconception about dyslexia. Dr. Sally Shaywitz emphasizes that dyslexia is not linked to intelligence. In fact, individuals with dyslexia have average to above-average IQs. The primary challenge they face is an isolated deficit in phonological processing, which affects their reading ability. This deficit often leads to struggles in school, and without proper identification, it can hinder their educational and professional achievements.

The Evolution of Dyslexia Definitions

The conversation highlights the evolution of the definition of dyslexia over the years. Initially, dyslexia was often viewed negatively, focusing on the difficulties and deficits associated with it. However, significant changes have been made to provide a more accurate and supportive understanding.

Dr. Bennett Shaywitz discusses the 2018 change in the definition, which describes dyslexia as an "unexpected difficulty in reading for someone who has the intelligence to be a much better reader.” This shift in definition helps to recognize that the reading difficulties experienced by dyslexic individuals are not due to a lack of intelligence.

The "Sea of Strengths" Model

A groundbreaking contribution from the Shaywitzes is the "Sea of Strengths" model of dyslexia. This model presents dyslexia not just as a deficit but as a condition surrounded by numerous strengths. Dyslexic individuals often exhibit remarkable abilities in areas such as concept formation, reasoning, critical thinking, vocabulary, problem-solving, empathy, and general knowledge.

Dr. Sally Shaywitz explains that by focusing solely on the reading difficulties, we overlook the vast array of strengths that dyslexic individuals possess. Recognizing and nurturing these strengths can lead to more fulfilling and successful lives for those with dyslexia.

Dyslexia and Its Broader Impact

The episode also touches on the broader societal impact of dyslexia. Many dyslexic individuals go undiagnosed and, as a result, struggle unnecessarily. This lack of diagnosis can lead to lower educational attainment and increased dropout rates. The Shaywitzes cite research indicating that a significant percentage of the prison population is dyslexic, underscoring the importance of early identification and intervention.

Moving Forward: Awareness and Action

Dr. Laura Cassidy and her guests stress the importance of spreading awareness about the true nature of dyslexia. The episode calls for a concerted effort to update outdated definitions and misconceptions, ensuring that all children with dyslexia receive the support they need to thrive.

The insights from Dr. Sally and Dr. Bennett Shaywitz offer a powerful reminder that dyslexia, while challenging, is also accompanied by a myriad of strengths. By embracing a more accurate and positive understanding of dyslexia, we can help unlock the potential of millions of individuals, leading to a brighter future for all.

Stay tuned for next week’s episode where we discuss the prevalence of dyslexia and the lack of identification in the African American community and talk about what we plan to do for the future to help undiagnosed dyslexics!